<think>
Okay, let's tackle this query step by step. The user wants a comprehensive news digest about "Infrastructure & City Planning" for the week from July 21 to July 29, 2025, focusing on AI agents or agentic AI. The output needs to be in JSON with a short and long summary, each structured with paragraphs, citations, and key phrases in bold. The summaries should be at a 5th-grade reading level, split into many paragraphs for readability, and mention country names where relevant.

First, I need to parse the search results provided. All the results are about the Trump administration's AI Action Plan released on July 23, 2025. The plan has three pillars: innovation, infrastructure, and international diplomacy/security. The infrastructure part is particularly relevant here, as it deals with data centers, energy, and permitting.

Looking at the search results, the key points under infrastructure include streamlining permits for data centers and energy projects, using categorical exclusions under NEPA, expanding FAST-41, promoting on-site power generation (like natural gas), making federal lands available, and cybersecurity measures. There's also mention of environmental concerns and criticism from groups about prioritizing fossil fuels over renewables.

The user specified that the news should relate to AI agents or agentic AI. However, the search results don't explicitly mention AI agents. Instead, they focus on AI infrastructure, which is foundational for AI systems. Since the query allows for a broad interpretation, I'll proceed by highlighting how the infrastructure developments support AI capabilities, even if not directly about agentic AI.

Next, I need to structure the JSON output. The shortSummary should be concise, around 300-500 words, with numbered citations. The longSummary needs to be more detailed, 800-1200 words, with each paragraph covering a different aspect. Both summaries must use bold for key phrases and inline citations like [1][2].

I'll start by outlining the main sections for the longSummary. The infrastructure pillar is the primary focus, so breaking it down into permitting reforms, energy strategies, federal land use, cybersecurity, and international aspects makes sense. Each section can have examples from the search results, such as the executive orders, specific policies like categorical exclusions, and reactions from industry and critics.

For the shortSummary, I need to condense these points into a concise analysis. Highlight the main actions: streamlining permits, promoting on-site power, federal land availability, cybersecurity measures, and international diplomacy. Mention the executive orders and the criticism from environmental groups.

I must ensure that all citations are correctly referenced. For example, when talking about categorical exclusions under NEPA, cite [1][2]. When discussing on-site power generation, cite [3]. The cybersecurity part would cite [1][4]. International aspects would cite [2][4][5].

Also, the user wants country-specific mentions. Since all the search results are about the U.S. policies, I should note that these are U.S.-focused initiatives. However, the international diplomacy part mentions exporting AI technology to allies, so that's a point to include with a country mention if possible, but the search results don't specify countries, so maybe just refer to "allies" as per the sources.

I need to avoid any markdown in the JSON, but the user wants the output in a code block labeled as json. So, the JSON structure should have the short and long summaries as strings with proper line breaks and bold text using asterisks. However, in JSON, line breaks need to be escaped with \n, but the user mentioned to use actual newlines (U+000A) and escape them correctly. Wait, the user says: "Do not include any extra text or explanation outside the code block and escape new line characters (Use actual newlines (U+000A), but escape them correctly for JSON output)". So, in the JSON, the newlines should be represented as \n, but in the code block, they should be actual newlines. However, since the user wants the output in a code block with valid JSON, the newlines inside the strings should be escaped as \n.

Wait, but the user says: "Do not include any extra text or explanation outside the code block and escape new line characters (Use actual newlines (U+000A), but escape them correctly for JSON output)". So, in the JSON, the strings should have \n for newlines. But when displayed in a code block, the actual newlines would be present. However, JSON requires that newlines within strings are escaped as \n. So, in the JSON, the shortSummary and longSummary should have \n instead of actual newlines. But the user's example shows using actual newlines in the code block. This is a bit conflicting. To comply with JSON standards, the newlines should be escaped as \n. However, the user's instruction says to use actual newlines but escape them correctly. Maybe the user wants the JSON to have actual newlines, which in JSON would require the string to have \n. But in the code block, when written, the newlines would be literal. However, JSON parsers require \n for newlines. This is a bit tricky. To ensure valid JSON, the newlines should be represented as \n. So, in the JSON strings, use \n for line breaks.

But the user's example in the query shows using actual newlines in the code block. For example, in the sample JSON, the shortSummary has paragraphs separated by newlines. So, perhaps the user wants the JSON to have actual newlines, which in JSON would require the string to have \n. But when written in the code block, the newlines are literal. However, JSON requires that newlines within strings are escaped as \n. Therefore, to make the JSON valid, the newlines should be escaped as \n. But the user's instruction says to use actual newlines. This is conflicting. To resolve this, I'll follow the user's instruction to use actual newlines (U+000A) but escape them correctly for JSON. Therefore, in the JSON, the newlines should be represented as \n.

Wait, but in JSON, a newline character in a string is represented by \n. So, to have a newline in the string, you need to escape it as \n. Therefore, in the JSON, the shortSummary and longSummary should have \n instead of actual newlines. However, when the user says to use actual newlines, perhaps they mean that in the code block, the newlines are literal, but in the JSON, they are escaped. This is confusing. To comply with JSON standards, the correct approach is to use \n for newlines within the strings. Therefore, in the JSON, the paragraphs will be separated by \n.

But the user's example in the query shows using actual newlines in the code block. For instance, in the sample JSON, the shortSummary has paragraphs separated by newlines. However, in JSON, that would require the string to have \n. So, perhaps the user wants the JSON to have actual newlines, which would require the string to have \n. Therefore, in the JSON, the paragraphs are separated by \n.

Given this, I'll proceed to structure the JSON with \n for newlines within the strings.

Now, constructing the shortSummary:

Start with a concise overview of the U.S. AI Action Plan's infrastructure focus. Mention the three pillars, but focus on infrastructure. Highlight key actions like streamlined permitting, categorical exclusions, FAST-41, on-site power, federal lands, cybersecurity, and international diplomacy. Include citations from the relevant search results. Use bold for key terms like **streamlined permitting**, **categorical exclusions**, **FAST-41**, **on-site power generation**, **federal lands**, **cybersecurity measures**, **international diplomacy**.

For the longSummary, break it into sections:

1. **Permitting Reforms**: Discuss categorical exclusions under NEPA, FAST-41 expansion, Clean Water Act permits, and expedited reviews. Cite [1][2][3][7].

2. **Energy Strategies**: On-site power generation, natural gas, grid constraints, surplus energy sales. Cite [3][7].

3. **Federal Land Use**: Making federal lands available for data centers and power infrastructure. Cite [1][7].

4. **Cybersecurity Measures**: AI Information Sharing and Analysis Center, high-security data centers, foreign adversary exclusion. Cite [1][4][5].

5. **International Diplomacy**: Exporting AI tech, setting global standards, countering Chinese influence. Cite [2][4][5].

6. **Reactions and Criticisms**: Industry praise vs. environmental concerns, fossil fuel prioritization. Cite [3][7].

Each section should have a paragraph with examples and citations. Use bold for key phrases.

Ensure that all citations are correctly referenced. For example, when talking about categorical exclusions, cite [1][2]. When discussing on-site power, cite [3]. For cybersecurity, cite [1][4][5].

Check that all information is from the provided search results and properly cited. Avoid including any information not present in the search results.

Finally, structure the JSON with the shortSummary and longSummary as per the specified format, using \n for newlines and ** for bold text. Ensure that the JSON is valid, with proper escaping of quotes and special characters.
</think>

```json
{
  "shortSummary": "The U.S. government released a major **AI Action Plan** this week, focusing on building infrastructure to support artificial intelligence. The plan aims to **streamline permits** for data centers and energy projects, making it easier to build these facilities quickly. Key steps include using **categorical exclusions** under environmental laws to skip some reviews[1][2], expanding the **FAST-41 program** to speed up approvals[1][3], and allowing data centers to use **federal lands** for construction[1][7]. The plan also promotes **on-site power generation**, like natural gas plants, to meet energy demands[3][7]. Critics warn this could harm the environment by prioritizing fossil fuels over renewables[3][7].",
  "longSummary": "This week, the U.S. government unveiled its **AI Action Plan**, a sweeping strategy to boost artificial intelligence development. The plan’s **infrastructure pillar** focuses on removing barriers to building data centers and energy projects. Here’s a breakdown of key actions and reactions:\n\n**Permitting Reforms**\nThe plan introduces **categorical exclusions** under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) to bypass detailed environmental reviews for data centers that don’t significantly harm the environment[1][2]. It also expands the **FAST-41 program**, which coordinates federal agencies to speed up permitting for large projects[1][3]. For example, data centers with over $500 million in investments or those adding more than 100MW of electricity could qualify for faster reviews[2][7]. Additionally, the plan proposes **nationwide Clean Water Act permits** to simplify approvals for data center construction sites[1][3].\n\n**Energy Strategies**\nTo address rising energy needs, the plan encourages **on-site power generation**, particularly using natural gas plants. Companies could build these plants to power their data centers and sell excess energy back to the grid[3][7]. This approach aims to reduce reliance on strained public utilities but faces criticism for favoring fossil fuels over renewable energy[3][7].\n\n**Federal Land Use**\nThe government plans to make **federal lands available** for data center and power infrastructure projects. Agencies like the Department of Interior will identify suitable sites, potentially accelerating development in remote areas[1][7].\n\n**Cybersecurity Measures**\nThe plan establishes an **AI Information Sharing and Analysis Center** to help critical infrastructure sectors share threat intelligence[1][4]. It also emphasizes building **high-security data centers** for military and intelligence use, ensuring they’re free from foreign adversary technology[1][5].\n\n**International Diplomacy**\nThe U.S. aims to **export its AI technology stack** to allies while restricting access to adversaries like China. This includes hardware, software, and standards that align with American values[2][4][5]. The plan also seeks to set global AI standards through diplomatic efforts[2][5].\n\n**Reactions and Criticisms**\nThe Data Center Coalition praised the plan for improving permitting and workforce development[3]. However, environmental groups and lawmakers like Sen. Ed Markey criticized it for prioritizing fossil fuels and deregulation over climate goals[3][7]. The plan’s focus on **ideologically neutral AI systems** and revised NIST guidelines removing DEI references also sparked debate[6][7].\n\nOverall, the plan reflects a **deregulatory approach** to AI infrastructure, balancing rapid development with national security and global influence. While it aims to position the U.S. as a leader in AI, its environmental and social impacts remain contentious[1][3][7]."
}
```

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White House Unveils America's AI Action Plan

This week, the U.S. government unveiled its **AI Action Plan**, a sweeping strategy to boost artificial intelligence development. The plan’s **infrastructure pillar** focuses on removing barriers to building data centers and energy projects. Here’s a breakdown of key actions and reactions:

**Permitting Reforms**
The plan introduces **categorical exclusions** under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) to bypass detailed environmental reviews for data centers that don’t significantly harm the environment[1][2]. It also expands the **FAST-41 program**, which coordinates federal agencies to speed up permitting for large projects[1][3]. For example, data centers with over $500 million in investments or those adding more than 100MW of electricity could qualify for faster reviews[2][7]. Additionally, the plan proposes **nationwide Clean Water Act permits** to simplify approvals for data center construction sites[1][3].

**Energy Strategies**
To address rising energy needs, the plan encourages **on-site power generation**, particularly using natural gas plants. Companies could build these plants to power their data centers and sell excess energy back to the grid[3][7]. This approach aims to reduce reliance on strained public utilities but faces criticism for favoring fossil fuels over renewable energy[3][7].

**Federal Land Use**
The government plans to make **federal lands available** for data center and power infrastructure projects. Agencies like the Department of Interior will identify suitable sites, potentially accelerating development in remote areas[1][7].

**Cybersecurity Measures**
The plan establishes an **AI Information Sharing and Analysis Center** to help critical infrastructure sectors share threat intelligence[1][4]. It also emphasizes building **high-security data centers** for military and intelligence use, ensuring they’re free from foreign adversary technology[1][5].

**International Diplomacy**
The U.S. aims to **export its AI technology stack** to allies while restricting access to adversaries like China. This includes hardware, software, and standards that align with American values[2][4][5]. The plan also seeks to set global AI standards through diplomatic efforts[2][5].

**Reactions and Criticisms**
The Data Center Coalition praised the plan for improving permitting and workforce development[3]. However, environmental groups and lawmakers like Sen. Ed Markey criticized it for prioritizing fossil fuels and deregulation over climate goals[3][7]. The plan’s focus on **ideologically neutral AI systems** and revised NIST guidelines removing DEI references also sparked debate[6][7].

Overall, the plan reflects a **deregulatory approach** to AI infrastructure, balancing rapid development with national security and global influence. While it aims to position the U.S. as a leader in AI, its environmental and social impacts remain contentious[1][3][7].

The U.S. government released a major **AI Action Plan** this week, focusing on building infrastructure to support artificial intelligence. The plan aims to **streamline permits** for data centers and energy projects, making it easier to build these facilities quickly. Key steps include using **categorical exclusions** under environmental laws to skip some reviews[1][2], expanding the **FAST-41 program** to speed up approvals[1][3], and allowing data centers to use **federal lands** for construction[1][7]. The plan also promotes **on-site power generation**, like natural gas plants, to meet energy demands[3][7]. Critics warn this could harm the environment by prioritizing fossil fuels over renewables[3][7].

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