The European Union's AI Act continues to shape global conversations about artificial intelligence regulation. With the August 2025 deadline approaching for rules about general-purpose AI systems (like chatbots and agentic AI), many companies are slowing down their AI deployments across Europe. This hesitation comes from ongoing confusion about banned AI uses, particularly what counts as "unacceptable risk" under the law. The EU's AI Office hasn't provided clear guidance yet, making businesses nervous about potential fines up to €35 million for breaking the rules.

Ireland is taking important steps to prepare for these changes. The Irish government announced its Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Bill in their spring legislative program. This new law will create Ireland's own enforcement system for AI governance, which matters because many big tech companies like Google and Meta have their European headquarters there. Once passed, Ireland will have special authority to penalize companies that don't follow the EU's AI safety requirements.

Beyond Europe, countries worldwide are advancing their own AI rules. Switzerland's National AI Strategy aims to finalize regulatory proposals in 2025, while South Korea's lawmakers are debating a comprehensive AI Act to govern all artificial intelligence systems. Spain made history by establishing Europe's first AI supervisory agency, showing strong commitment to overseeing these technologies.

Several nations are still in early planning phases. Kenya and Nigeria are drafting national AI policies that will guide future regulations. South Africa is collecting public input for its AI plan. These developing countries are watching how agentic AI (systems that operate independently) will be treated in new laws.

The United States continues to focus on sector-specific AI rules rather than one big law. American regulators are paying special attention to AI in finance and healthcare, where risks are highest. This approach differs from the EU's broad regulations but might better address industry-specific dangers from autonomous AI systems.

Finally, international cooperation grows through groups like the OECD, which encourages members to follow trustworthy AI principles. The EU also launched the InvestAI initiative, committing 200 billion euros to boost AI capabilities across Europe. This includes building special AI gigafactories, with the second wave starting in March 2025. As countries prepare for more autonomous AI agents, these investments and rules will shape how businesses and governments use this powerful technology safely.